Theoretical background ¶

Contents

Theoretical background

eTraGo’s theoretical Background ¶

Learn more about eTraGo’s theoretical background of methods and assumptions here.

eDisGo’s theoretical Background ¶

Learn more about eTraGo’s theoretical background of methods and assumptions here.

In order to achieve acceptable computation times, the problem’s complexity can be reduced by applying a k-means cluster-algorithm to MV grids. The algorithm identifies a specified number of representative MV grids and assigns a weighting to each grid. As described here, the available clustering attributes are:

cumulative installed wind capacity,
cumulative installed solar capacity,
distance between transition point and farthest node of the MV grid
installed battery capacity (as a result of eTraGo’s investment optimization)

Subsequent to the MV grid simulations with the reduced number of representative grids, the cluster weighting is used to extrapolate the costs back to the original number of MV grids.

Economic calculation ¶

The tool eGo unites the extra high (ehv) and high voltage (hv) models with the medium (mv) and low voltage (lv) models to ascertain the costs per selected measure and scenario. This results in a cross-grid-level economic result of the electrical grid and storage optimisation.

Overnight costs ¶

The overnight costs represents the investment costs of the components or construction project without any interest, as if the project was completed “overnight”. The overnight costs ( $C_{\text{Overnight}}$ ) of the grid measures (lines and transformers) are calculated as:

$C_{Line~extension} = S_{Extension}~[MVA] * C_{assumtion}~[\frac{EUR}{MVA}] * L_{Line~length}~[km]$

$C_{Transformer~extension} = S_{Extension}~[MVA] * C_{assumtion}~[\frac{EUR}{MVA}]$

The total overnight grid extension costs are given by:

$C_{overnight} = \sum C_{Line~extension} + \sum C_{Transformer~extension}$

The conversion of the given annuity costs of eTraGo is done in etrago_convert_overnight_cost().

Annuity costs ¶

The annuity costs represents project investment costs with an interest as present value of an annuity. The investment years T and the interest rate p are defined as default in eGo with an interest rate ( $p$ ) of 0.05 and a number of investment years ( $T$ ) of 40 years. The values are based on the [StromNEV_A1] for the grid investment regulation in Germany.

The present value of an annuity (PVA) is calculated as:

$PVA = \frac{1}{p}- \frac{1}{\left ( p*\left (1 + p \right )^T \right )}$

In order to calculate the $C_{annuity}$ of a given period less than a year the annuity costs are factorized by the hours of the $t_{year}=8760$ and the defined calculation period.

$t_{period} = t_{\text{end\_snapshot}} - t_{\text{start\_snapshot}} ~[h]$

The annuity costs ( $C_{annuity}$ ) is calculated as:

$C_{annuity} = C_{\text{overnight}} * PVA * \left ( \frac{t_{year}}{\left ( t_{\text{period}}+ 1 \right )} \right )$

Investment costs ehv/hv ¶

The investment costs of the grid and storage expansion are taken from the studies [NEP2015a] for the extra and high voltage components and the [Dena]. The given costs are transformed in respect to PyPSA [€/MVA] format [PyPSA] components for the optimisation.

Overview of grid cost assumtions:

The table displays the transformer and line costs which are used for the calculation with eTraGo.

Table 1 Overview of grid cost assumtions¶
voltage level	component	capital costs	unit	source
110	AC overhead transmission lines	230	EUR/MVA	Dena 2012
220	AC overhead transmission lines	290	EUR/MVA	NEP 2015
380	AC overhead transmission lines	85	EUR/MVA	NEP 2015
DC	DC overhead transmission lines	375	EUR/MVA	NEP 2015
110/220	transformer	7500	EUR/MVA	Dena 2012
110/380	transformer	17333	EUR/MVA	NEP 2015
220/380	transformer	14166	EUR/MVA	NEP 2015

The eTraGo calculation of the annuity costs per simulation period is defined in set_line_costs() and set_trafo_costs().

Overview of storage cost assumtions:

Overview of eTraGo storage parameters and costs

Investment costs mv/lv ¶

The tool eDisGO is calculating all grid expansion measures as capital or overnight costs. In order to get the annuity costs of eDisGo’s optimisation results the function edisgo_convert_capital_costs() is used. The cost assumption of [eDisGo] are taken from the [Dena] and [CONSENTEC] study. Based on the component the costs including earthwork costs can depend on population density according to [Dena].

References ¶

[NEP2015a]

Übertragungsnetzbetreiber Deutschland. (2015). Netzentwicklungsplan Strom 2025 - Kostenschaetzungen, Version 2015, 1. Entwurf, 2015. (https://www.netzentwicklungsplan.de/sites/default/files/paragraphs-files/kostenschaetzungen_nep_2025_1_entwurf.pdf)

[Dena]

(1, 2, 3) dena Verteilnetzstudie. (2012). Ausbau- und Innovationsbedarf der Stromverteilnetze in Deutschland bis 2030. , Version 2015. (https://shop.dena.de/sortiment/detail/produkt/dena-verteilnetzstudie-ausbau-und-innovationsbedarf-der-stromverteilnetze-in-deutschland-bis-2030/)

[PyPSA]

PyPSA’s documentation (2018). Documentation of components. , Version v0.11.0. (https://pypsa.org/doc/components.html)

[StromNEV_A1]

Stromnetzentgeltverordnung - StromNEV Anlage 1 (2018). Verordnung über die Entgelte für den Zugang zu Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetzen (Stromnetzentgeltverordnung - StromNEV) Anlage 1 (zu § 6 Abs. 5 Satz 1) Betriebsgewöhnliche Nutzungsdauern. (https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stromnev/anlage_1.html)

[eDisGo]

eDisGo - grid expantion costs (2018). Cost assumption on mv and lv grid components. (https://github.com/openego/eDisGo/blob/dev/edisgo/config/config_grid_expansion_default.cfg#L85-L107)

[CONSENTEC]

CONSENTEC et.al (2006). Untersuchung der Voraussetzungen und möglicher Anwendung analytischer *Kostenmodelle in der deutschen Energiewirtschaft *. (https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Energie/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Netzentgelte/Anreizregulierung/GA_AnalytischeKostenmodelle.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1)